Education Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Training - Case Study Example fled Athens to the wide open to get away from his persecutors, saying that he would not permit â€Å"Athenians to sin a second time against philosophy,† alluding to the brutality bestowed to Socrates before? (Davidson, 2005, pp.159). 16. Who was the antiquated Greek savant who added attracting to the instructive educational plan of Greek society which had up to that point just three segments, proficiency, music and acrobatic? (Mahaffy, 2010, pp.52-53) 19. Which old Greek researcher endorsed ‘Dorian’ as the most fitting scale for showing music as a major aspect of training and said that woodwinds ought not be utilized in showing the equivalent? (Plato et.al., 1996, pp.49) 24. In which old Greek state would we be able to locate a home that â€Å"enjoyed the best respect and holiness and the house-mother stood most noteworthy in love and social significance, and where infringement of loyalty were rarest†? (Mahaffy, 2010, pp.121) 32. In which nation of old Greece, was the instruction of a lady thought absolutely pointless and â€Å"to see, hear and state as meager as possible† was considered as the preeminent ethicalness of a lady? (Powell, 2001, pp.352). 41. Which was the old Greek state which kept job of family and state in the region of training, carefully separated, expecting that any merger would hamper the opportunity of the person? (Davidson, 2005,

Electronic monitoring of employees

The Strange New World of Virtual Reality Augmented Reality is a making of an exceptionally intuitive PC based interactive media condition in which the client turns into a member with the PC in a for all intents and purposes genuine world. We are living in a time portrayed by 3D virtual frameworks made by PC designs. In the idea called Virtual Reality (VR), the augmented experience engineer is consolidating PC, video, picture handling, and sensor advances so a human can go into and respond with spaces produced by PC illustrations. In 1969-70, a MIT researcher went to the University of Utah, where he started to work with vector created illustrations. He fabricated a transparent cap that pre-owned TV screens and half-silvered mirrors, with the goal that the earth was noticeable through the TV shows. It was not yet intended to give a general domain. It was not until the mid '80's that computer generated experience frameworks were getting increasingly characterized. The AMES contract began in 1985, thought of the primary glove in February 1986. The glove is made of slim Lycra and is fitted with 15 sensors that screen finger flexion, augmentation, hand position and direction. Associated with a PC through fiber optic links. sensor inputs empower the PC to produce an on screen picture of the hand that follows the administrator's hand developments. The glove additionally has scaled down vibrators in the fingertips to give input to the administrator from got a handle on virtual items. Along these lines, driven by the correct programming, the framework permits the administrator to cooperate by getting and moving a virtual article inside a reenacted room, while encountering the vibe of the item. The computer generated experience line incorporates the Datasuit and the Eyephone. The Dtasuit is an instrumented full-body piece of clothing that empowers full-body communication with a PC built virtual world. In one use, this item is worn by film on-screen characters to give practical development to vivified characters in PC created enhancements. The Eyephone is a head mounted sound system show that shows a PC made virtual world in full shading and 3D. The Eyephone innovation depends on a trial Virtual Interface Environment Workstation (VIEW) structure. VIEW is a head-mounted stereoscopic showcase framework with two 3.9 inch TV screens, one for each eye. The showcase can be a PC produced scene or a genuine situation sent by remote camcorders. Audio cues conveyed to the headset increment the authenticity. It was planned to utilize the glove and programming for such thoughts as a careful recreation, or 3D virtual medical procedure for clinical understudies.

My Kind Of Party

My Kind Of Party So typically when people hear the words fraternity party, they think wild and crazy kids in togas. If by togas you mean suits and ties, then youre correct. So this past weekend, my fraternity hosted a party, a soiree if you will. I think the only crazy part of this party might have been my choice in shirt and tie combination. Basically, each semester, our chef, Karen, who is a trained pastry chef, makes some of the most delectable desserts on this side of the country including chocolate mousse, flan, and chocolate-covered strawberries. So typically, we just invite our friends over to our house to enjoy some dessert, smooth jazz, and karaoke as the night goes on. Most people dress to impress although halfway through the night, I was tempted to switch from dress shoes to flip-flops. This night was extra-nice because prior to the actual event we had a little mixer with our awesome rush helpers who helped us throughout rush week to get out 14 NEW BROTHERS (note the excitement). Anyhoo, for those of you who cant imagine what some of the best desserts on this side of the country might look like or how far I went to stick out on this evening, here are some pictures from the night: I think you know these two. Team ChemE Some of the most awesome people EVER (pictured from left to right: Yonas, Elyse, Mitra, Christi, Bryan, Sam) Check back tomorrow. Same Bat Time, Same Bat Channel.

Personal Health Organization Defines Good Nutrition

Personal Nutrition Case Study The World Health Organization defines good nutrition as an â€Å"adequate, well-balanced diet combined with regular physical activity† (World Health Organization, 2017). It is often difficult for a college student to maintain good nutrition due to a very limited income. An inadequate amount of time to exercise and prepare/eat meals also plays a role in a college student’s nutritional habits. Most college students toss good nutrition out the window and migrate towards foods that are easy to prepare and quick to eat. However, along with the convenience of these easy and quick types of food, come consequences as well. The food is usually extremely unhealthy which can lead to weight gain (Freshman 15) and other health†¦show more content†¦The nutritional areas that need improvement include: vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and saturated fat intake. My dietary intake was very insufficient in many vitamins and minerals and also in dieta ry fiber. My diet also consisted of too many saturated fats. The nutritional areas that were sufficient to meet my needs include: protein, carbohydrate and added sugar intake. Real and Potential Health Problems Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in my dietary pattern are two of the biggest potential health problems that I am concerned about. The body needs vitamins and minerals for a variety of functions, so they are stored up in case a deficiency occurs. However, if my dietary intake does not include these vitamins or minerals for an extended period of time, the stores will eventually be depleted and health problems can and will develop. Health Implications Specific implications related to the potential health problems above include the B6 vitamin and the calcium mineral. A vitamin B6 deficiency is the vitamin deficiency most likely to occur because I am of â€Å"childbearing age† and I am a â€Å"former oral contraceptive user†, both of which are risk factors (Lutz, Mazur, Litch, 2015, p. 121). A calcium deficiency is the mineral deficiency most likely to affect my health as I age. I have a high risk of developing osteoporosis after menopause because I am a â€Å"fair-complexioned white woman† andShow MoreRelatedThe Continuity Of Nursing Care1680 Words   |  7 Pagesspecific nursing action necessary to achieve the goals of care. CRITICAL EVALUATION Leadership and leadership style Personal life I have been able to influence the behaviours of other especially in my home in order to achieve my family’s members task and objective by employing a democratic style of leadership. I do not over manager or under-manage my family or personal affairs but have struck a balance towards doing that. One must find a way to do the right thing in order to stand as anRead MoreNestle s Principles Of Business Operations1513 Words   |  7 Pages Nestlà © has ten principles of business operations that everything they do in their business revolve around; Nutrition Health Wellness, Quality assurance and products safety, Consumer communication, Human Rights in business activities, Leadership and personal responsibility, Supplier and customer relations, Agriculture products, Environmental sustainability, and Water. Under each of these topics is a set of things Nestlà © follows such as, making it their core aim to enhance the quality of consumer’sRead More Prevention of Obesity Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesPublic health strategies on the prevention of obesity and its effects in relation to Government strategies shall be addressed. A snapshot about the role of the nurse as an educator in relation to this public health issue as well as strategies formulated by Hillingdon PCT to prevent obesity and how it focuses on other diseases associated with obesity shall be discussed. The following section gives a definition of obesity, health, health education and health prevention. The World Health OrganizationRead MoreSocial Justice And The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1148 Words   |  5 Pagesto humanity (United Nations, n.d.). More specifically, Article 22 of the UDHR states that all people should have access to social security protection that works to provide essential needs, provisions for preserving dignity, and freedom to pursue personal interest (United Nations, n.d.). In spite of the established declaration, social justice remains unavailable for too many people. Worldwide, the lack of social protection leads to 1.4 billion people struggling to meet their essential needs due toRead MoreThe widespread use of accessible technology, such as mobile devices and Internet, impacts massively600 Words   |  3 Pagesindividual perceptions and closely-held beliefs about their work arrangements? Is eWork a good work arrangement as perceived by the workers themselves? The focus on individuals, rather than on policies, institutions, organizations, compan ies, comes from the need to understand particularly what these work arrangements mean for individual people and how they affect their lifestyles and quality of life. This project will define quality of life as The degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilitiesRead MoreC. Cultural, Social, Personal, Psychological Factors Influencing1437 Words   |  6 PagesC. Cultural, social, personal, psychological factors influencing the consumption of Flora spread – Pham Ai Tien LE One of the factors that heavily contributes to the success of a business is to understand the desires come from the customers. Understanding consumer behaviour and what your current and potential customers may want and need is arguably the most important part of running a successful business (REF). Consumer behaviour refers to the process by which individuals search for, select, purchaseRead MoreIs Fitness An Obsession?897 Words   |  4 PagesIs the strive for health and fitness a bad obsession to have? In a personal interview with a Jorge Mendoza, who frequents the gym many times per week and also keeps a strict meal plan, how he would define an obsession. Mendoza’s answer was a simple â€Å"too much.† The word obsession has such a negative connotation that even if paired with a word as positive as fitness the negativity is still overpowering. Fitness is a wonderful obsession to have because by dieting and keeping a good workout schedule notRead MoreA Depth Analysis Of Wellness And How It Is Achieved And Its Relationship Within The Nursing Profession1781 Words   |  8 Pagesnot easily understood because it is perceived differently by each individual. In today’s health care world nurses need to be competent in wellness promotion and how to provide holistic care in order for their clients to achieve optimal wellness. Wellness is multidimensional and consist of physical, emotional, intellectual, occupational, spiritual wellness. After reading this paper you will be able to define Wellness and its six dimensions. You will also understand the importance of wellness for theRead MoreMission And Goals : Complete Health Solutions1388 Words   |  6 PagesMISSION AND GOALS Complete Health Solutions mission is to meet people where they are, by spreading health to all. To improve the quality of health care services and to improve the health of our patients and the community we serve. During the next five years, Complete Health Solutions will achieve the following financial and nonfinancial goals: †¢ Financial Goals o Expand number of physician in the practice and introduce two new service lines. o Increase revenues by at least 50 percent eachRead MoreMarilyn Ray and Jean Watsons Theories Compared Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pageswhich caring is examined. The two theories discussed in this paper are Marilyn Anne Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The Theory of Bureaucratic Caring was generated in a complex organization, while The Theory of Human caring defines caring in more of a scientific way. The definition of caring for each have some similar characteristics, but these two theorist methodologies are quite different. This paper will interpret these two theories of caring, apply

The Definitive Handbook to Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf

The Definitive Handbook to Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and a suitable structure. So double-check your formatting to make certain it is in order before passing the last copy to your instructor. The internet sites do have the forms out there that you use, but you're the one that needs to create the text and type it into the ideal portion of the form. Thirdly, you need to ensure the validity of writing. You may be interested in descriptive essay examples. You are likely to be offered an essay on nearly every subject for a specific price. When you start writing your essay you'll have all info you should make accurate direct quotations. Our sample essay has an easy but very good introduction in which it demonstrates that the examinee has knowledge of this issue and clearly states the writer's position to prepare the remainder of the essay. Such essay samples work as a guidance material that helps the students to prepare impressive essay drafts. You're able to obtain nearly every Sample essay online for unique subjects. You don't need to buy a Sample essay, as it's entirely free. By viewing the Sample essay, you can choose whether you need to obtain an essay for yourself. The Foolproof Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf Strategy Whatever you write on paper is considered. There are various types of writing examples you may be requested to write. If you're to really gain from model essays, you will need to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. In other words, an academic essay may be an evidence of the depth of your research procedures and the rest of the activities you have executed so you can support the content of your written output. The New Fuss About Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. They are sometimes torn between th e choices whether they need professional help in academics or they can handle the academic pressure on their own. The students should first exactly formulate the questions they attempt to answer in their essay. Every student isn't the exact same. Topic sentences are usually located at the start of each paragraph. Formal letters differ from informal letters in quite a few ways. Most formal letters are employed in business transactions that's the reason why it is vital to be conscious of the use of words and the way they're put together. They make use of business English. You should have a smooth flow by means of your report writing. In the past paragraph, it's necessary for you to state how sorry you are and that you promise to compensate and compensate for any issues that were caused. An academic letter isn't only a document that can showcase your mastery when it regards a distinct academic subject. It is essential that you compose the letter in a particular manner. Ho w to articles are a few of the most well-known forms of technical writing in the net. In the middle of your research procedure, the info you've gathered can help you formulate fantastic ideas on what you have to say in the essay. Several music or internet radio websites have come up on the Internet in the previous five decades. There are a sizable number of skilled thesis writing help services available on the internet and they've highly-qualified academic writers and can offer plagiarism free content. Life, Death, and Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf You need to be competent in the issue you're discussing in your paper. Your research needs to be organised so the transition from doing your research to writing your essay is straightforward. In conclusion, it looks like assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. Since academic essays are popular in the business of education and research you want to be certain your writing is both logical interesting and informative. What's Really Happening with Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf You may acquire an idea for a starting point in your essay. Comparable to writing your professional essay, there have to be some type of outline you could refer to so that you don't wind up getting sidetracked. Before you present the most important body of your essay, you will want to supply a small background on this issue. For instance, you might find there are 3 sub-topics under the very first principal topic that you desire to discuss, and that means you will create sub-headings for them. Details of Academic Essay Writing Samples Pdf When you click the hyperlink to one of many petition samples, you will observe that they all share many common capabilities. Sites which provide petition samples for you to read and sign also supply you with the chance to create a petition at no charge. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the suita ble style. There are various petition samples readily available on the internet to offer you ideas of the sorts of petitions it's possible to create and to teach you the way to compose a productive petition.

The Amazon Rainforest Free Essays

An issue in the world today that is extremely troubling is the deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest. The world’s largest remaining natural resource is at risk of total destruction. This beautiful South American forest represents 40% of the continent and 54% of the total remaining rain forests that are left. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amazon Rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now It covers nine of the countries in South America which include Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, French Guiana and Suriname. From May 2000 to August 2006, approximately 150,000 square kilometers of the rain forest in Brazil was lost. This is an area larger than the country of Greece. What is even more frightening is the fact that since 1970, over 232,000 square miles of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed. The Amazon Rainforest is a tropical rainforest ecosystem. They are known to be found near the equator. What makes them known as â€Å"rain forests† refers to the moisture and humidity that they contain. These forests which are lush with trees and other amazing plant life have year-round warm temperatures with high humidity and heavy—almost daily rainfall. It does not rain every day in the Amazon Rainforest but it does receive an average of nine feet of rain per year. The Rainforest of the world now only cover 2% of the globe, however ecologists do estimate they hold half of the world’s plant and animal species. R. A. N. is one of the organizations advocating for the Rain Forest to be left alone. It stands for the Rainforest Action Network. One of the issues that RAN has cites is that pulp from cleared rainforests is made into cheap copy paper, books, tissue and toilet paper and luxury shopping bags that are then sold to consumers in the United States, Europe and Asia. RAN’s Rainforest-Free Paper Campaign is working against corporations and the Indonesian government to stop turning forests into paper plantations. They have made significant progress such as pressuring Boise Incorporated to stop buying wood fiber taken from the traditional territory of the Grassy Narrows. Shortly after, Abitibi Bowater, the largest paper company in the world, agreed to stay off of Grassy Narrows land. According to dictionary. com the definition of deforestation is, â€Å"the cutting down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area. Deforestation can erode soils, contribute to desertification and the pollution of waterways, and decrease biodiversity through the destruction of habitat. † Most rainforests are cleared by chainsaws, bulldozers and fires for its timber value and then are followed by farming and ranching operations. The latest statistics show that rainforest land which is made into cattle farms gets the land owner $60 per acre and if timber is harvested, the land is worth $400 per acre. Cattle ranching is the leading cause of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. This has been going on since the 1970s. Approximately 38 percent of deforestation from 1966-1975 is due to large-scale cattle ranching. Unfortunately the present day situation may be even worse. According to the Center for International Forestry Research, â€Å"between 1990 and 2001 the percentage of Europe’s processed meat imports that came from Brazil rose from 40 to 74 percent and by 2003 for the first time ever, the growth in Brazilian cattle production—80 percent of which was in the Amazon—was largely export driven. This issue affects the tribes that still live in the Amazon Rainforest. These people and their ancestors have been living off of the land for thousands of years. Their culture is formed from the rainforest itself. There are even some tribes that have never had contact with any other person outside of their own tribe. If they are taken out of their homes over time they will lose their languages, art, tales and knowledge of the forest and past. Th ere were an estimated ten million of these people living in the Amazonian Rainforest five centuries ago. Today there are less than 200,000. Thousands upon thousands of species other than humans live in the rainforest such as bacteria, plants and mammals. Thousands of other species once existed in this ecosystem but due to deforestation and other causes, they are now extinct. There are estimations that 137 plant, animal and insect species go extinct every single day due to said deforestation. That means about 50,000 species are lost each year. As these species only found in the Amazon Rainforest leave this world, many possible cures for life-threatening diseases follow. There are presently 121 prescription drugs sold worldwide that come from Amazon plants. A good 25% drugs that come from rainforest ingredients have tropical trees and plants of which less than 1% have been tested by licensed scientists. In the long run, the destruction of the rainforest will kill almost every living thing on the plants. According to www. amazon-rainforest. org, the Amazon Rainforest has been described as the â€Å"Lungs of our Planet. † This is because it provides the essential environmental world service of continuously recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. More than 20 percent of the world oxygen is produced in the Amazon Rainforest. The survival of the human race depends on the survival of the Amazon Rainforest. WORKS CITED â€Å"About RAN | Rainforest Action Network. † Rainforest Action Network | Environmentalism with Teeth. Web. 02 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://www. ran. org/content/about-ran;gt;. â€Å"Amazon Rainforest. † Blue Planet Biomes. Web. 01 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://www. blueplanetbiomes. org/amazon. htm;gt;. â€Å"AMAZON RAINFOREST FACTS. † UNIQUE SOUTHAMERICA TRAVEL EXPERIENCE. Web. 03 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://www. unique-southamerica-travel-experience. com/amazon-rainforest-facts. html;gt;. â€Å"The Amazon Rainforest. † Rainforests. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. ;lt;http://rainforests. mongabay. com/amazon/;gt;. â€Å"Deforestation in the Amazon. Rainforest – Mongabay. com. Web. 02 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. mongabay. com/brazil. htmlgt;. â€Å"Endangered Rain Forest Animals. † Liza’s Reef -Coral Reef Art. Web. 02 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. lizasreef. com/HOPE FOR THE RAIN FORESTS/endangered_rain_forest_animals. htmgt;. â€Å"How Big Is The Amazon Rain forest In Square Miles? † Ask Questions, Get Free Answers – Blurtit. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. lt;http://www. blurtit. com/q145171. htmlgt;. Spoolman, Scott E. â€Å"7: Climate and Biodiversity. † Environmental Science. By G. Tyler Miller. 13th ed. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2010. 134-36. Print. How to cite The Amazon Rainforest, Papers

Research and the Manager an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Research and the Manager Introduction Todays manager often wishes for more information when the time comes to make a decision. If the need for action is immediate, the decision will be made on the basis of whatever information is at hand, scant though it may be. To the extent that the data are gathered systematically, in accord of openness to a variety of customers, the process realistically may be called research. Need essay sample on "Research and the Manager" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Body Research is the systematic, empirical study of phenomena. Research methodology involves the investigation of problems through the application of a variety of techniques of data gathering in the context of a variety of plans for gathering data known as research designs. From the point of view of the manager, it is useful to define three separate, if overlapping, functions of research. These are: To provide information to assist in planning and day-to-day management decision making. Employee surveys, marketing research, and labor market forecasting are among the tools used for this purpose. To evaluate existing programs. Evaluations of training efforts, community action programs, and the like, fall under this heading. To provide technical knowledge. This may involve contributions from basic research in various disciplines, such as biology, metallurgy, or the social sciences. Most research involves an empirical search for answers to a question or a series of questions. Questions in the form of predictions are said to be hypotheses. Theory is more typically a source of research questions in an academic setting, while practical problems more often provide the force for research in organizations. Conclusion Managers decision in doing a research is empirical. However, this involves a lot of factors to consider. This includes evaluation of research purpose and advantage. List of References: Gratton, Lynda, Gerry Johnson and Rick Delbridge. 2006. The Exceptional Manager: Making The Difference. Oxfrord New York: Oxford University Press. Kulakowski, Elliott C. and Lynne U. Chronister. 2006. Research Administration and Management. Boston MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Rabin, Jack, Samuel Humes and Brian S. Morgan. 1984. Managing Administration. New York: CRC Press.

How does the author create atmosphere in Zero Hour and Examination Day Essays

How does the author create atmosphere in Zero Hour and Examination Day Essays How does the author create atmosphere in Zero Hour and Examination Day Paper How does the author create atmosphere in Zero Hour and Examination Day Paper flying in circles, climbing trees, laughing. This creates a joyful atmosphere where the author uses pleasant and positive words to describe the opening scene. Ray also uses short sentences too make it more interesting and the reader can also visualize to what the children were doing ie. Climbing trees. He uses a lot of verbs to explain to what is going on this makes the story flowing and fascinating, as if he never used a lot it would be simple and boring. Later on, the setting slowly changes as it goes indoors inside Mrs. Morriss home. When it goes indoors the atmosphere becomes tense. This can be clearly seen Mink shows Mrs. Morris a yo-yo: Reaching the end- it vanished, See? said Mink. Ope! Dibbling her finger, she made the yo-yo reappear From this you can see strange events are happening as Mink first the yo-yo vanishes then reappears. This makes us think to what is going on. The writer uses a lot of punctuation to create atmosphere. The punctuation used is question marks, exclamation marks and commas all combine to create atmosphere. In this story the main character is the young girl called Mink. She is very passionate and is imaginative. She keeps mentioning the word invasion in the story and also has an imaginary friend called drill. This is obvious when the author writes: its real funny to hear Drill talk and Martians invading Earth From the two quotes above you can see Ray makes us imagine. The first quote tells the reader that Mink has strange humour. The second quote is quite unbelievable and the writer uses shocking tactics and exaggeration to create atmosphere. This story uses language to create atmosphere. This is emphasized by the use of question marks: Drill says youre dangerous. Know why? The sentence above shows when the writer uses question marks, by inserting the question mark he creates atmosphere. This is because he wants us to know why he is dangerous, the writer couldve not inserted the question mark and that could have been okay. Due to him inserting it makes us want to read on and see why he is so dangerous. Another example of question marks and short sentences can be seen when Mink says: Mom? A hesitation. Dad? A waiting, a silence. The quote above shows emotive words and clever speech to get the attention of the parents. It has question marks to make the atmosphere tense by calling their names out separately. Also uses short sentences to make it more exciting, Examination Day is set in a house and is also set on the main characters birthday, Dick who is going to become twelve. In this story the house is similar to Zero Hour full of suspense and is tense. This can be because it is very quite and both parents have one child, making them the main character and focus on them and create atmosphere. This story is tense all throughout just like an exam would be. This can be seen when the Dicks father mentions about exam: Its just a sort of Government intelligence test they give at the age of twelve. Youll be taking it next week. After the childs father has mentioned the exam the atmosphere of the story changes. This causes the boy to ask more questions and therefore increases the suspense in the story. This can be seen when he says: What exam? he asked. By the parents keeping it quiet and the child not knowing until his father asks, this causes the boy to ask questions. By asking these unusual questions atmosphere is created. The main focus point of the story is the examination room where the child will be tested. The author uses short sentences to increase tension. This can be clearly seen when he has the medication that was given: He sat in silence, feeling drowsy, while the man wrote busily on a piece of paper. This shows us that by using short sentences the suspense increases and a lot of movement is happening in the story. A lot of description is used by the author. He describes the building of the Government Educational Building in great detail. This can be clearly seen when he describes the building: They crossed the marble floors of the great, pillared lobby, passed beneath an archway This shows that it is a big building and is very futuristic as you would not have buildings like this in the 1950s, so its trying to make the readers imagine what it would be like. He does this to create atmosphere by making us think harder. There is also lots of description when writing about the woman working there: and a thin-lipped woman with cropped black hair was passing out sheets of paper. It is said if you have thin lips you are not talkative and to have cropped hair is said to be sharp. This creates atmosphere by describing the woman to be strict and can create tension. Similes and metaphors are also used. This can be seen when Henry writes: The room was as cold and as a official courtroom, This creates atmosphere by making us think of what the room would have looked like, and make us feel whether it was really cold. Before entering the Government Educational Building the boy is known as Dick. When he goes in the building he is called by a different name: Your names Richard Jordan? Yes sir. This shows us that the people in the building are very formal and take everything carefully. This can also create tension by calling him by a more formal way. By calling him formally it can be strange as they could be strangers and he does not know who they are. He is probably not use to being called by that name. The boy also asks a lot of questions in the story. This could be due to his intelligence. This can be seen when: How far is the sun away? This shows the boy is clever and asking questions leads to answers. As the father does not answer a few questions this creates atmosphere. After analyzing both stories I found both stories were well written. I found in Zero Hour .The atmosphere changes a lot ie. Being cool at the start and then changing it to becoming panicky, frightening to create atmosphere. In Examination Day it remains tense and is full of suspense and is very much like and exam day. Zero Hour and Examination Day both have a lot of language used ie. Question marks, exclamation marks, similes, metaphors and imagery. However I did not find any similes or metaphors in Zero Hour .Both stories have good endings. For Zero Hour it is left on a cliffhanger and the ending to Examination Day is very dramatic. After reading both stories I prefer Examination Day as it is easier to read and there is more language used.

French Subjunctive Irregular Conjugations

French Subjunctive Irregular Conjugations While not as difficult as using the French subjunctive, conjugating irregular and stem-changing verbs into the subjunctive can be a little tricky.Stem-changing verbs and most irregular verbs follow the same pattern as regular verbs for the singular conjugations (je, tu, il/elle/on) as well as the third person plural (ils/elles): the subjunctive stem is derived from the present tense conjugation of ils. boire envoyer prendre venir present tense: ils boivent envoient prennent viennent stem boiv- envoi- prenn- vienn- subjunctive endings: boire envoyer prendre venir ... que je -e boive envoie prenne vienne ... que tu -es boives envoies prennes viennes ... quil/elle/on -e boive envoie prenne vienne ... quils/elles -ent boivent envoient prennent viennent However, the nous and vous forms of the subjunctive find their stems in the present tense conjugation of nous: present tense: nous buvons envoyons prenons venons stem buv- envoy- pren- ven- subjunctive endings : ... que nous -ions buvions envoyions prenions venions ... que vous -iez buviez envoyiez preniez veniez This two-stem subjunctive pattern applies to all stem-changing verbs as well as all but seven irregular verbs.Five verbs have irregular subjunctive stems but take the same endings as above: One stem Two stems* faire pouvoir savoir aller vouloir stem(s) fass- puiss- sach- aill- / all- veuill- / voul- ... que je (j) fasse puisse sache aille veuille ... que tu fasses puisses saches ailles veuilles ... quil/elle/on fasse puisse sache aille veuille ... que nous fassions puissions sachions allions voulions ... que vous fassiez puissiez sachiez alliez vouliez ... quils/elles fassent puissent sachent aillent veuillent *These two verbs have different stems for je/tu/il/ils and nous/vous.And finally, two verbs have irregular stems as well irregular endings: avoir tre ... que je (j) aie sois ... que tu aies sois ... quil/elle/on ait soit ... que nous ayons soyons ... que vous ayez soyez ... quils/elles aient soient

Shakespeare's Hamlet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shakespeare's Hamlet - Research Paper Example In the process, he is involved in several occasions of double mind which puts him at a cross road in some instances (Hapgood & Shakespeare, 24). In the process he causes the deaths of several characters in the play either directly or indirectly (Shakespeare, 114). He also plays an indirect role in the death of his love Ophelia and his mother whom he mistakenly poisoned with food. However throughout the play and in Hamlet actions, he shows sense of double-mindedness as he struggles with his internal thoughts and efforts to sanity. The first instance in which Hamlet shows inability to decide on one issue is when he was not able to decide on whether you revenge or not. It is evident in the play that Hamlet is seeking the truth about his father’s death and hence believe that from that truth, he would be able to reach to the killers of his father. Generally, hamlet is seeking for truth as an effort to justify his acts of revenge (Bradley, 84). However, it is important to realize th at these acts of revenge are called for by the ghost which he does not trust. In this context, Hamlet has double minds as to whether to believe the ghost of his father or whether to reject such believes. As outlined by Bradley (85), â€Å"this is the tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind.† This is recognition of Hamlet’s views which were divided equally and the possibility in acting in one way or the other was half possible. It is important to note that he viewed almost everything in two perspectives and hence it was difficult to decide the way to go. According to Rosenberg (440), Hamlet can be described as an individual who knows all that he wants and all that according to him would be right. However, Hamlet deliberately decides to avoid the right thing. This perspective of Hamlet is also observed by Rosenberg (441). Failure of his efforts is not linked in any way to the inability to act but on the unwillingness to act swiftly and at the right time to save t he community. Hamlet is also divided in the mind whether to revenge or not because he fears the spirits and not because he cannot revenge (Furness & Shakespeare, 24). He is very much aware that he has defied the ghost and hence he tries to assert that the spirits of the dead are more dangerous and may follow him. While Hamlet tries to find out whether he would be right to act in accordance to the ghost request, it is evident that something is ringing at the back of his mind that he has not done what he is supposed to do. It is therefore important to notice that there are two thoughts that are antagonistic in his mind. As a result he is always undecided and hence leads top several mistakes which result into deaths of his relatives. Hamlet is disturbed by the fact that he has not done something that is impressive or aggressive towards his father’s death. As a result, he wants to please his father but wants to confirm the truth about the accusations by the ghost. In this context , Hamlet is at a crossroad with double minds (Rosenberg, 439). He looks at all the alternative actions, weighs them and finds out that they are actually bear the same weight. While he understands the consequence of either action he wants to make the best decision out of the two available decisions. It is therefore important for him to please his father’s ghost at the same time do not want to revenge or what is not tangible or revenge by mistake. Moreover, the lack of action by Hamlet presents to him a lot

Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Microbiology - Essay Example Nevertheless, not all the ways of the virus transmission have been fully defined and studied by the scientists. This virus is dangerous for human health and it causes much more deaths in comparison with other infectious diseases. The uniqueness of this virus and its main difference from Staphylococcus epidermis is the following: the cytoplasmic site of virus transmission and extension leads to enzymes encoding, especially those for macromolecular precursor pool regulation or for biosynthetic processes (Knipe, 2007). A morphogenesis of this virus is too complex and genomes of this virus encode the majority of proteins that interact with host processes at different levels (e.g. the cellular and systemic levels). Unlike Variola virus, Staphylococcus epidermidis  is a â€Å"gram-positive, coagulase-negative cocci that is a part of our normal flora† (Knipe, 2007). Within nosocomial environment, this pathogen has an ability to spread quickly among other non-infected humans. Nevert heless, unlike Variola virus, it is transmitted by means of foreign body infections. Staphylococcus epidermis is a facultative anaerobe and humans and warm-blooded animals are hosts for this infection. It should be also note that in spite of a non-pathogenic nature of S.

The Effect of Medication on Plants

The Effect of Medication on Plants Dante Rodriguez Abstract The  Effect  of  Medication  on  Plants The purpose of this project was to find out how someone could help a plant grow by using medication instead of fertilizer. I decided to do this topic and did a lot of research. I decided to use the Kentucky Wonder Pole Plant or Phaseolusvulgaris.The Kentucky Wonder plant is a pole bean which grows upward. I also decided to test it on 4 plants. One plant with water, one with aspirin, one with an antacid, and finally one with an anti-histamine. My hypothesis was that aspirin plant would grow the tallest because of the salicylic acid. The anti-histamine plant would grow normally, because plants dont have histamine. The antacid will grow shorter because it would damage the perfect balance of water. To do this experiment I needed pots, and the three medications which were the manipulated variables. I decide to use 1OOmgs of each medication as the constant variables. I dug a hole, and put the plants in the soil. I watered them once a day, with 15 sprays from my spray bottle. Every day I would measure the plants with a em ruler. I measured in the afternoon so that the plants would get the most growth out of each day. I would mark down my results to see how the height of the plants grew which was the responding variable. I did this for a total of 14 days, or two weeks. After two weeks, I got my results and they will shock you! My results were very intriguing. They showed a strange trend in the growth of my plants. The plant with normal water sprouted first. It continued to be the tallest plant until about day 12. At day 13 the anti-histamine plant surpassed the height of the regular water plant with a final height of 36.5 em. Before that the anti-histamine water was close but did not surpass the height of the regular water that had a total height of 33 em. Then came the aspirin water plant at 29 em. Finally the shortest plant was the antacid at 26 em. The results to my project was surprising. It proved, and disproved my hypothesis. It proved my hypothesis because the antacid grew the smallest. It did this because the Ph of the antacid plant was 6 which is not neutral. Unexpectedly, the aspirin plant didnt grow very well. I believe that this happened due to the fact that aspirin has a trace amount of salicylic acid. Therefore to have an effect you would need about 487mg or about one and a half, high dose aspirin. However what stumped me was why the anti ­ histamine plant grew the largest. I couldnt find any links between anti-histamine, and  the plants. Mainly because plants dont have histamine. If I had to do this project again,  I would attempt different dosages of the medication. Introduction Plants are everywhere. Chances are you even have a plant in your house. They grow everywhere, from the arid desert to the frigid reaches of the North Pole. Now they are even growing in the zero-gravity environment of the international space center. They have even been around longer than us! However it wasnt until 1771 when a British man named Joseph Priestley, discovered that plants gave off oxygen. This was an amazing _ scientific achievement. Now plants served an even better purpose than food. Due to these factors plants are critical to the survival of the human race. One issue is that they take a long time to mature. What if there was a common household medication that could help these creatures grow? After that moment I decided that I would use this for a science fair topic. I decided I would use plants, and 3 different types of medications. Research After choosing this topic I had to make a difficult decision. That decision was what type of plant I would use. To choose which plant I needed to factor in how much sun it needed, when is it in season, and how soon until it would sprout. After that I decided the best plant to use was the bean plant. Then I had another decision, what type? The choice was easy between the bush, and the pole bean. This was because the pole bean was easier to measure then the bush bean. Pole  Bean  plant  Bush  Bean  plant Then I needed to choose which medication to put in the plants. The first medicine I chose was aspirin. Aspirin has many components, one of which is salicylic acid. Salicylic acid is a chemical in plants that involves the growth of plants, and their development. With that information, I decided that would be one my first medications. The next one I chose was an antacid. I chose this because if a plant gets water to acidic it could cause deficiencies. Therefore I tried to see what would happen if I used an antacid. The final medicine I chose was an anti-histamine. Hypothesis After all the research my hypothesis is that the plant with the Aspirin will grow the best, due to the salicylic acid. The antacid plant wont grow as well due to the fact that the Ph of plants water will become alkaline instead of neutral. Also that the anti- histamine plant will grow normally because plants dont have histamine. Materials 4- 6 plant pots 1- Bag of gardening soil 1- Bag of Kentucky Wonder Pole Beans 4- 32. oz. spray bottles 100 mg- aspirin, antacid, anti-histamine Filtered water A em ruler for measuring plants A laptop or notebook (for writing down heights) A sunny area (To place plants) Variables Manipulated Variable: The medicine in the water of the plants Responding Variable: The height of the plant, the healthiness of the plants, and the greenness of the plant Constant Variables: Pot size, water spay amount, dirt type, seed type, location of plant, and the amount of milligrams. Procedure 1. Fill spray bottles with 19 oz. of filtered water 2. Place 100 mgs of medication into separate bottles 3. Let medication dissolve for about 24 hours 4. Fill all 4 pots with dirt 5. Dig hole about 1 deep into the dirt in each of the pots 6. Place a seed in the hole 7. Cover up the plants with a thin layer of dirt 8. Water the plants with 15 sprays daily 9. Measure each of the plants daily, with centimeter ruler 10. Keep track of their heights in a notebook, or a laptop Results The results of my experiment were very interesting, and surprising. They approved, and disproved my hypothesis. Here were my results: .:o 3 Aboveisa chartwiththeheightsofallmyplants He ight of Bean Plants in CmBean Plant Growth Day 13 Day14 33 34 27.5 29 24 24 35 36.5 0 25 20ANl 1> 10 c; 0 Day 1 Cav 2 ::>a> 3 D 1 4 ::: J> c Ddy Day ID y 0 v 9Day Day >ay.JV D y 1011121114 Reg  ·, lt r -Regâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¢ r . rer-AsroA tl d1c;JS3S LineGraphofPlantHeightBarGraphofPlantHeight My results are displayed above. They show a strange trend in the growth of my plants. The plant with normal water sprouted first. It continued to be the tallest plant until 1 about day 12. At day 128J the anti-histamine plant surpassed the height of the regular water with a final height of 36.5 em. Before that the anti-histamine water was close but did not surpass the height of the regular water that had a total height of 33 em. The third tallest plant was the aspirin water plant at 29 em. Finally the shortest plant was the antacid 26 em. Plants  After  being  potted                                                                           Plants  at  end  of  experiment Conclusion The results to my project was surprising. It proved and disproved my hypothesis. It proved my hypothesis because the antacid grew the smallest It did this because the Ph of the antacid plant was 6 which is not neutral. Neutral is what the plants need which is at number 7 on the Ph scale. Just to make sure there was nothing wrong with my water, I tested the Ph of my tap water, and came out at 7. Unexpectedly, the aspirin plant didnt grow very well. I believe that this happened due to the fact that aspirin has a trace amount of salicylic acid. Therefore to have an effect you would need about 487mg or about one and a half, high dose aspirin. However what stumped me was why the  anti-histamine plant grew the largest. I couldnt find any links between anti-histamine, and the plants. Mainly because plants dont have histamine. If I had to do this project again, I would attempt different dosages of the medications.         

Gas Crisis in Bangladesh

Natural gas in Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (April 2012) This article is written like a personal reflection or essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. (April 2012) This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. April 2012) The presence of Natural Gas in Bangladesh has been established through exploration by Bangladesh’s public energy company, Petrobangla, and more recently international oil and gas companies (IOCs) have established the existence of a significant energy source. Contents [hide] †¢1 Estimated reserves †¢2 The domestic natural gas industry †¢3 References †¢4 External links [edit]Estimated reserves In recent years, several trillion cubi c feet (TCF) of natural gas have been added to the confirmed 10. 5 TCF known as of 1996.Due to the fact that there has been comparatively little exploration to date, estimates of the total extractable natural gas resource in Bangladesh are uncertain and vary widely. An estimate of 20 TCF is gaining acceptance among experts, but some argue that experiences in comparable basins elsewhere in the world suggest that the ultimate recoverable resource could be as high as 50 TCF or even 100 TCF. At the current rate of natural gas use in Bangladesh (1000 mmcfd), the current estimated proven reserves would last 45 years.Even if the present rate of use increases at 10 per cent per year, these reserves would last about 17 years. A reserve-production Reserves-to-production ratio of 17 is higher than that for most industrial countries heavily dependent on natural gas, examples beingNorway, Canada, U. S. , and U. K. Here only the R/P ratio of gas is being considered for comparison. Relative to Ban gladesh, these industrial countries have more diverse indigenous energy sources such as coal, oil and nuclear. The U. S. still uses coal to produce more than half its electricity.There are huge resources of gas in Bangladesh. Places where gas is commercially refines include: Titas, Habiganj, Bakhrabad, Narshingdi, Meghna, Sylhet, Kailashtilla, Rashidpur, Beanibazar,Fenchuganj and Salda Nadi. In 2001, Petrobangla Director Major Raihanul Abedin initiated the national plan to decrease the use of using liquid fuels, by introducing natural gas conversion. He thought if cars could be converted to use cooking gas instead of rather harmful fuels, the carbon emission would decrease exponentially. He was given the permission by the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to carry out his plans. 1][2] As a result, Asian Development Bank funded his scheme and today more than 80% of Bangladeshi vehicles are run on gas which has lessened pollution significantly. [3] [edit]The domestic natural gas industry Pet robangla (Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation), a 100 per cent state owned corporation, has the primary responsibility for the natural gas industry in Bangladesh. Petrobangla is under the direction of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources; it comprises several groups of companies: ? An exploration company – Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Company ?Production companies – Bangladesh Gas Fields Company and Sylhet Gas Fields Company ? Transmission and distribution companies; ?Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company ?Bakhrabad Gas System ?Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System ?Western Zone Gas Supply Co. (Poschim Anchal Gas Bitaran Company, WESGAS, a new company for distribution of gas in the western part of Bangladesh) ? A compressed natural gas company – Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Leading Private Companies Involved in Natural Gas Industry ?Libra Enterprise (www. libraenterprise. om) ?Gasmin Limited ?Foundry Limited [edit] References 1. ^ [M. Raihanul Abedin. Use of CNG as an Alternative Fuel for Transport-Air Pollution Control Perspective (2001) p. 49-54, International Seminar on Air Pollution in Dhaka City, October 30, 2001; France Bangladesh Association of Scholars and Trainees (FBAST). 2. ^ Dhaka Clean Fuel Project: Bangladesh at Asian Development Bank 3. ^ Lisa Schroeder (March 25, 2009). â€Å"Compressed natural gas clears the air in Bangladesh: Cleaner-burning fuel is reducing dangerous levels of pollution – and saving money, too. â€Å".The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2012-06-12. ?†Natural Resources of Bangladesh†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?†Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?†Natural Gas Options for Bangladesh†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?†Natural gas reserve estimates vary widely for Bangladesh†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. Description Bangladesh has some oil reserves near Haripur in the east ern hilly district of Sylhet, but these have yet to be developed. The Haripur reserves are estimated at 40 Mbbl, and the total resource is likely to be much higher..The search of oil and gas in the area constituting Bangladesh began in the later part of the 19th century through some isolated geological mapping. The first serious attempt to find oil and gas was undertaken in Sitakund in 1908 by the Indian Petroleum Prospecting Company. During 1923-31 Burmah Oil Company (BOC) drilled two shallow wells in Patharia. The wells were abandoned though there was a reported occurrence of oil. A total of 6 exploratory wells were drilled, the deepest being 1047 meters. There was however no discovery and the Second World War disrupted further activity.After the liberation of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) was formed, while the Bangladesh Petroleum Act was enacted in 1974. The offshore area of Bangladesh was divided in to 6 blocks, which were taken up by Ash land, ARCO, BODC (Japex), Union Oil, Canadian Superior Oil and Ina Naftaplin under production sharing contract. These companies 7 offshore wells resulted in the discovery of Kutubdia offshore gas field. According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Bangladesh had 2007 proved natural gas reserves of 0. 39 trillion cubic metres, 0. 1% of the world total, and 2007 natural gas production of 16. 27 billion cubic metres, 0. 55% of the world total. The 1980s saw accelerated exploration activities by Petrobangla, which drilled 12 exploration wells and discovered 7 gas fields. Among these the Fenchuganj well remains the deepest drilled well in Bangladesh (4977m). Meanwhile a new milestone was achieved when Petrobangla discovered the first commercial oil pool in Sylhet on December 23, 1986. Since 1972 more than 32 exploratory wells have been drilled by the national and international companies which resulted in the discovery of 13 gas fields.Since the first exploration well was drilled i n 1908 a total of 128 wells were drilled in Bangladesh until 2001, of which 63 are exploration wells. Of the exploration wells, 13 are in the offshore resulting in two discoveries and the rest 52 are on shore with 20 discoveries. In 1993, following the formation of a new National Energy policy, the government of Bangladesh divided its territory and offshore sites into 23 blocks and opened them to foreign bidding for oil and gas exploration. Eight blocks were awarded to four companies during the First Bidding Round in 1993, and four additional blocks were awarded in the 1997 Second Bidding Round.Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) Energy is the key ingredient for socio-economic development of a country. Economic Development depends on reliable energy supply. To increase efficiency of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, it was divided into two divisions, vide Cabinet Division Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998, namely Energy and Min eral Resources Division (EMRD) and Power Division. Energy and Mineral Resources Division is entrusted to formulate all policies related to natural gas, liquid petroleum and mineral resources.EMRD is also entrusted to formulate policies and administrative control over Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development and Department of Explosives. EMRD also supervises and monitors over Hydrocarbon Unit and Bangladesh Petroleum Institute. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to alleviate poverty in line with vision 2021, Bangladesh has to meet increasing energy demand. In order to ensure energy security, the primary energy source of the country especially gas, coal and other mineral resources have been taken into consideration.Along with gas significant quantity of condensate is recovered. Oil was discovered in three locations but the quantity is not significant. The Division and its subordinate organizations/directorates/companies have been play ing vital role to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s). To meet energy demand at desired level, initiative has been taken to increase gas supply and its optimum utilization. The demand of imported oil is also increasing. Part of it is met by condensate (by product of gas). Recent gas crisis led to the policy makers to import LNG within a short period of time.Realistic policies for development of coal fields in northern part of the country are under process for national interest. As a part of government's plan to expand gas supply network, a new distribution outlet, titled, Sundarban Gas Company Limited has been formed for the south-western region of the country. For efficient marketing of gas in Chittagong region, Karnafully Gas Company Limited has been created and it has started distribution of gas. System loss in gas distribution, a major problem, has been tackled with notable success through management and monitoring.Initiative has also been taken to build up regional energy security based on mutual co-operation with the neighboring countries under SAARC umbrella. Natural Gas In Bangladesh, natural gas is most important indigenous source of energy that accounts for 75% of the commercial energy of the country. So far in Bangladesh 23 gas fields have been discovered with the rate of success ratio is 3. 1:1 of which two of the gas fields are located in offshore area. Gas is produced from 17 gas fields (79 gas wells). Oil was tested in two of the gas fields (Sylhet and Kailashtila).To reduce the dependency on natural gas, alternative energy resource must be explored. Average daily gas production capacity is about 2000 mmcfd of which International Oil Companies (IOC) produce 1040 mmcfd and State Owned Companies (SOC) produce 960 mmcfd. The gas production recorded on 24 February, 2010 was 1996. 7 MMCFD. At present the daily approximate projected gas demand throughout the country is 2500 MMCFD. The demand is increasing day by day. Ener gy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) has already undertaken an array of short, medium, fast track and long term plans to increase gas production to overcome prevailing gas shortage.According to this plan 188 mmcfd, 290 mmcfd, 995 mmcfd (including 500 mmcfd LNG), 500 mmcfd and 380 mmcfd gas will be added to the national gas grid by the year 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 respectively. After completion of these plans production capacity is expected to increase to about 2353 mmcfd gas by December 2015. To increase the gas production more programs will be taken in near future. Petroleum Product To meet total demand of commercial energy, Bangladesh imports annually about 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil. In addition to this, another 2. million metric Tons (approx) of refined petroleum products per annum is imported. Condensate is mixed with crude oil. Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport sector followed by agriculture, industry and commercial sector which is mostly met by imported liquid fuel. Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL), a subsidiary company of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), is capable of processing 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil per year. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) To reduce the dependency on imported fuel significantly, to reduce environment pollution and to save foreign currency, the use of CNG vehicles was introduced in 1997.Number of CNG refueling Station is 565 and 162 conversion workshops have already been set-up in the country. Total number of CNG converted vehicles is 150249. In addition to that 42549 CNG vehicles was imported. Total number of CNG vehicles is 192798 as of May, 2010. Average CNG usage (approx. ) is 102 MMCF per day. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) The area where access to gas pipeline is difficult and expensive but there is a demand of gas; in this case gas in the form of LPG can be used. To reduce the dependency on imported oil and thus to save foreign currency, the use of LPG has to be popularized.Curre ntly the supply of LPG of the country is 95,500 Metric Ton of which production in Public Sector is 22,500 Metric Ton while Production in Private Sector is 73,000 Metric Ton. The Possible demand of LPG in the country is 2,00,000 M. Ton. To popularize the use of LPG the present government has reduced tax rate on some appliances such as Pressure Regulator/Valve, Safety/ Relief valve and Submerged Welding Flux including bottling of LPG. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) To reduce the dependency on imported oil as well as indigenous gas, import of LNG is under active consideration.Under mid term plan, LNG will be imported to supply at the rate of 500 mmcfd by 2012. The site for building necessary infrastructure for LNG has been located. Bangladesh has to set up necessary infrastructure such as LNG Receiving Station, LNG Storage Tank, Re-gasification process and 90 km long pipeline from Maheshkhali to Anwara in its own effort. A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to be signed between Bangladesh and Qatar, which is under process. Coal Besides natural gas, Bangladesh has significant coal reserve. Coal reserves of about 3. billion tons comprising 5 deposits at depths of 118-1158 meters have been discovered so far in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The name of these deposits are-Barapukuria, Phulbari and Dighipara coal field in Dinajpur district, Khalashpir in Rangpur district and Jamalganj in Joypurhat district. Out of which 4 deposits (118-509 meters) are extractable at present. As an alternative fuel to natural gas, coal can be extensively used. The depth of Jamalganj coal deposit is 640-1158 meter with 1053 Million Tones in-situ coal reserve where production may not be viable by present day’s technology due to the depth of the deposits.Possibilities of extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) need to be explored from this coal deposits. Government is actively reviewing law to be applicable for Exploration and Production of Coal Bed Methane. So far, only Barapukuri a coal field is under production. Other Mineral Resources available in Bangladesh Besides indigenous energy resources, Bangladesh has other mineral resources. Various organizations under Energy and Mineral Resources Division are engaged to explore for mineral resources. In case of commercial discovery, foreign company can apply for production license.White Clay occurs in Sherpur, Netrokona, Dinajpur and Chittagong district etc. White Clay is used to make crockery’s, sanitary materials, insulator and tiles . It is also used in Paper,cement and sugar industries. Glass sand occurs in Sherpur, Habiganj, Comilla and Dinajpur district etc. Glass sand is used to make crockery’s, lenses, glass sheet of windows and doors. It is also used to make quartz clock, frame of boat and aero plane, foam glass and in various electronic equipments etc. Silicon chips are also made from silica, which is a main ingredient of glass.Limestone occurs in Sunamgonj and Joypurhat district and St. M artin’s Islands. Limestone is used to make lime and cement and in paper, Ispat, sugar, glass industry. It is also used to decorate the building. Ilmenite,Garnet,Zircon,Kyanite,Magnetite,Rutile,Leucoxine,Monazite,etc are found in Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf Beach, Kuakata Beach , Moheshkhali, Nijhum dwip, Kutubdia and Monpura Island. Ilmenite, Rutile and Leucoxine are used to make slag and in welding and in melting of metal. They are used as a dyeing subject and Refractory Brick.Ilmenite is used to make sand blasting and heavy mud as an alternative to Barite in drilling activities. Titanium metal, which is derived from this mineral, is used to make frame of aeroplane, missile, and in chemical reaction and salt removal process. Zircon is used to make foundry sand, Refractory brick and as a dyeing substance. Zirconium is used as a radioactive substance. Monazite is used to make catalyst, television tube, refractory substance, thermal insulator substance and in computer disk an d line printer.Peat occurs in Gopalganj, Madaripur, Khulna, Sylhet and Sunamganj district etc. It is used as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in thermal power plant. Hard Rock occurs at Maddyapara in Dinajpur district. It is used in regulator dam, river training, and river bank erosion. It is also used as construction material and as mosaic stone. Gravel Deposit occurs in Lalmonirhat, Panchagar, Sylhet district, Greater Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is used to construct buildings, road, railway, bridge and in river training and flood control.Renewable Energy Sources in Bangladesh Renewable Energy Sources may also be helpful in the achievement of the MDGs, as well as in tackling the challenges of energy security especially for developing countries and global climate changes. The renewable energy sources include biomass (combustible renewable and waste), hydropower, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy. Biomass is currently the l argest renewable energy source due to its extensive noncommercial use (mainly for cooking and heating) in developing countries like Bangladesh.The share of other forms of renewable sources is minimal. Possibility of installing mini and micro level hydro-electric power plant in the hilly areas of Bangladesh would be explored. Windmills are with capacity of 2 MW in operation in the costal area of Bangladesh. Biogas Biogas may be the most promising renewable energy resource. Presently there are about 50,000 households and village-level biogas plants in place throughout the country. There is a huge potential for expansion in rural areas. Solar Energy Potential of solar energy is good in Bangladesh.But due to its higher cost of equipment it has to go a long way to become commercially viable. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh it is gradually becoming popular and government has undertaken lot of scheme to subsidize on it. Presently there are about 2, 64,000 solar panels installed thro ughout the country. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel may also be one of the promising sources of energy. Though Bangladesh is a densely populated country with 150 million people just in 147,570 Sq. Km areas, except the hilly areas, most of the areas are covered with fertile land that producing high yielding crop.Diesel from Jatropha plant may be a source of renewable energy in our country. Jatropha trees can be planted in both the sides of rail way tracks & high ways, marshy land & costal belt of the country. These Jatropha plant can also be used for coastal protection. Gasohol Gasohol is being blended with octane/petrol in many countries. Project in private sector is being undertaken to produce Gasohol from molasses used to be blended with octane/petrol. The molasses is a by-product of sugar industries. Gas Crisis in Bangladesh Natural gas in Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (April 2012) This article is written like a personal reflection or essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. (April 2012) This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. April 2012) The presence of Natural Gas in Bangladesh has been established through exploration by Bangladesh’s public energy company, Petrobangla, and more recently international oil and gas companies (IOCs) have established the existence of a significant energy source. Contents [hide] †¢1 Estimated reserves †¢2 The domestic natural gas industry †¢3 References †¢4 External links [edit]Estimated reserves In recent years, several trillion cubi c feet (TCF) of natural gas have been added to the confirmed 10. 5 TCF known as of 1996.Due to the fact that there has been comparatively little exploration to date, estimates of the total extractable natural gas resource in Bangladesh are uncertain and vary widely. An estimate of 20 TCF is gaining acceptance among experts, but some argue that experiences in comparable basins elsewhere in the world suggest that the ultimate recoverable resource could be as high as 50 TCF or even 100 TCF. At the current rate of natural gas use in Bangladesh (1000 mmcfd), the current estimated proven reserves would last 45 years.Even if the present rate of use increases at 10 per cent per year, these reserves would last about 17 years. A reserve-production Reserves-to-production ratio of 17 is higher than that for most industrial countries heavily dependent on natural gas, examples beingNorway, Canada, U. S. , and U. K. Here only the R/P ratio of gas is being considered for comparison. Relative to Ban gladesh, these industrial countries have more diverse indigenous energy sources such as coal, oil and nuclear. The U. S. still uses coal to produce more than half its electricity.There are huge resources of gas in Bangladesh. Places where gas is commercially refines include: Titas, Habiganj, Bakhrabad, Narshingdi, Meghna, Sylhet, Kailashtilla, Rashidpur, Beanibazar,Fenchuganj and Salda Nadi. In 2001, Petrobangla Director Major Raihanul Abedin initiated the national plan to decrease the use of using liquid fuels, by introducing natural gas conversion. He thought if cars could be converted to use cooking gas instead of rather harmful fuels, the carbon emission would decrease exponentially. He was given the permission by the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to carry out his plans. 1][2] As a result, Asian Development Bank funded his scheme and today more than 80% of Bangladeshi vehicles are run on gas which has lessened pollution significantly. [3] [edit]The domestic natural gas industry Pet robangla (Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation), a 100 per cent state owned corporation, has the primary responsibility for the natural gas industry in Bangladesh. Petrobangla is under the direction of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources; it comprises several groups of companies: ? An exploration company – Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Company ?Production companies – Bangladesh Gas Fields Company and Sylhet Gas Fields Company ? Transmission and distribution companies; ?Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company ?Bakhrabad Gas System ?Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System ?Western Zone Gas Supply Co. (Poschim Anchal Gas Bitaran Company, WESGAS, a new company for distribution of gas in the western part of Bangladesh) ? A compressed natural gas company – Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Leading Private Companies Involved in Natural Gas Industry ?Libra Enterprise (www. libraenterprise. om) ?Gasmin Limited ?Foundry Limited [edit] References 1. ^ [M. Raihanul Abedin. Use of CNG as an Alternative Fuel for Transport-Air Pollution Control Perspective (2001) p. 49-54, International Seminar on Air Pollution in Dhaka City, October 30, 2001; France Bangladesh Association of Scholars and Trainees (FBAST). 2. ^ Dhaka Clean Fuel Project: Bangladesh at Asian Development Bank 3. ^ Lisa Schroeder (March 25, 2009). â€Å"Compressed natural gas clears the air in Bangladesh: Cleaner-burning fuel is reducing dangerous levels of pollution – and saving money, too. â€Å".The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2012-06-12. ?†Natural Resources of Bangladesh†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?†Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?†Natural Gas Options for Bangladesh†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?†Natural gas reserve estimates vary widely for Bangladesh†. Retrieved May 17, 2012. Description Bangladesh has some oil reserves near Haripur in the east ern hilly district of Sylhet, but these have yet to be developed. The Haripur reserves are estimated at 40 Mbbl, and the total resource is likely to be much higher..The search of oil and gas in the area constituting Bangladesh began in the later part of the 19th century through some isolated geological mapping. The first serious attempt to find oil and gas was undertaken in Sitakund in 1908 by the Indian Petroleum Prospecting Company. During 1923-31 Burmah Oil Company (BOC) drilled two shallow wells in Patharia. The wells were abandoned though there was a reported occurrence of oil. A total of 6 exploratory wells were drilled, the deepest being 1047 meters. There was however no discovery and the Second World War disrupted further activity.After the liberation of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) was formed, while the Bangladesh Petroleum Act was enacted in 1974. The offshore area of Bangladesh was divided in to 6 blocks, which were taken up by Ash land, ARCO, BODC (Japex), Union Oil, Canadian Superior Oil and Ina Naftaplin under production sharing contract. These companies 7 offshore wells resulted in the discovery of Kutubdia offshore gas field. According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Bangladesh had 2007 proved natural gas reserves of 0. 39 trillion cubic metres, 0. 1% of the world total, and 2007 natural gas production of 16. 27 billion cubic metres, 0. 55% of the world total. The 1980s saw accelerated exploration activities by Petrobangla, which drilled 12 exploration wells and discovered 7 gas fields. Among these the Fenchuganj well remains the deepest drilled well in Bangladesh (4977m). Meanwhile a new milestone was achieved when Petrobangla discovered the first commercial oil pool in Sylhet on December 23, 1986. Since 1972 more than 32 exploratory wells have been drilled by the national and international companies which resulted in the discovery of 13 gas fields.Since the first exploration well was drilled i n 1908 a total of 128 wells were drilled in Bangladesh until 2001, of which 63 are exploration wells. Of the exploration wells, 13 are in the offshore resulting in two discoveries and the rest 52 are on shore with 20 discoveries. In 1993, following the formation of a new National Energy policy, the government of Bangladesh divided its territory and offshore sites into 23 blocks and opened them to foreign bidding for oil and gas exploration. Eight blocks were awarded to four companies during the First Bidding Round in 1993, and four additional blocks were awarded in the 1997 Second Bidding Round.Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) Energy is the key ingredient for socio-economic development of a country. Economic Development depends on reliable energy supply. To increase efficiency of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, it was divided into two divisions, vide Cabinet Division Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998, namely Energy and Min eral Resources Division (EMRD) and Power Division. Energy and Mineral Resources Division is entrusted to formulate all policies related to natural gas, liquid petroleum and mineral resources.EMRD is also entrusted to formulate policies and administrative control over Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development and Department of Explosives. EMRD also supervises and monitors over Hydrocarbon Unit and Bangladesh Petroleum Institute. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to alleviate poverty in line with vision 2021, Bangladesh has to meet increasing energy demand. In order to ensure energy security, the primary energy source of the country especially gas, coal and other mineral resources have been taken into consideration.Along with gas significant quantity of condensate is recovered. Oil was discovered in three locations but the quantity is not significant. The Division and its subordinate organizations/directorates/companies have been play ing vital role to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s). To meet energy demand at desired level, initiative has been taken to increase gas supply and its optimum utilization. The demand of imported oil is also increasing. Part of it is met by condensate (by product of gas). Recent gas crisis led to the policy makers to import LNG within a short period of time.Realistic policies for development of coal fields in northern part of the country are under process for national interest. As a part of government's plan to expand gas supply network, a new distribution outlet, titled, Sundarban Gas Company Limited has been formed for the south-western region of the country. For efficient marketing of gas in Chittagong region, Karnafully Gas Company Limited has been created and it has started distribution of gas. System loss in gas distribution, a major problem, has been tackled with notable success through management and monitoring.Initiative has also been taken to build up regional energy security based on mutual co-operation with the neighboring countries under SAARC umbrella. Natural Gas In Bangladesh, natural gas is most important indigenous source of energy that accounts for 75% of the commercial energy of the country. So far in Bangladesh 23 gas fields have been discovered with the rate of success ratio is 3. 1:1 of which two of the gas fields are located in offshore area. Gas is produced from 17 gas fields (79 gas wells). Oil was tested in two of the gas fields (Sylhet and Kailashtila).To reduce the dependency on natural gas, alternative energy resource must be explored. Average daily gas production capacity is about 2000 mmcfd of which International Oil Companies (IOC) produce 1040 mmcfd and State Owned Companies (SOC) produce 960 mmcfd. The gas production recorded on 24 February, 2010 was 1996. 7 MMCFD. At present the daily approximate projected gas demand throughout the country is 2500 MMCFD. The demand is increasing day by day. Ener gy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) has already undertaken an array of short, medium, fast track and long term plans to increase gas production to overcome prevailing gas shortage.According to this plan 188 mmcfd, 290 mmcfd, 995 mmcfd (including 500 mmcfd LNG), 500 mmcfd and 380 mmcfd gas will be added to the national gas grid by the year 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 respectively. After completion of these plans production capacity is expected to increase to about 2353 mmcfd gas by December 2015. To increase the gas production more programs will be taken in near future. Petroleum Product To meet total demand of commercial energy, Bangladesh imports annually about 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil. In addition to this, another 2. million metric Tons (approx) of refined petroleum products per annum is imported. Condensate is mixed with crude oil. Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport sector followed by agriculture, industry and commercial sector which is mostly met by imported liquid fuel. Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL), a subsidiary company of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), is capable of processing 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil per year. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) To reduce the dependency on imported fuel significantly, to reduce environment pollution and to save foreign currency, the use of CNG vehicles was introduced in 1997.Number of CNG refueling Station is 565 and 162 conversion workshops have already been set-up in the country. Total number of CNG converted vehicles is 150249. In addition to that 42549 CNG vehicles was imported. Total number of CNG vehicles is 192798 as of May, 2010. Average CNG usage (approx. ) is 102 MMCF per day. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) The area where access to gas pipeline is difficult and expensive but there is a demand of gas; in this case gas in the form of LPG can be used. To reduce the dependency on imported oil and thus to save foreign currency, the use of LPG has to be popularized.Curre ntly the supply of LPG of the country is 95,500 Metric Ton of which production in Public Sector is 22,500 Metric Ton while Production in Private Sector is 73,000 Metric Ton. The Possible demand of LPG in the country is 2,00,000 M. Ton. To popularize the use of LPG the present government has reduced tax rate on some appliances such as Pressure Regulator/Valve, Safety/ Relief valve and Submerged Welding Flux including bottling of LPG. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) To reduce the dependency on imported oil as well as indigenous gas, import of LNG is under active consideration.Under mid term plan, LNG will be imported to supply at the rate of 500 mmcfd by 2012. The site for building necessary infrastructure for LNG has been located. Bangladesh has to set up necessary infrastructure such as LNG Receiving Station, LNG Storage Tank, Re-gasification process and 90 km long pipeline from Maheshkhali to Anwara in its own effort. A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to be signed between Bangladesh and Qatar, which is under process. Coal Besides natural gas, Bangladesh has significant coal reserve. Coal reserves of about 3. billion tons comprising 5 deposits at depths of 118-1158 meters have been discovered so far in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The name of these deposits are-Barapukuria, Phulbari and Dighipara coal field in Dinajpur district, Khalashpir in Rangpur district and Jamalganj in Joypurhat district. Out of which 4 deposits (118-509 meters) are extractable at present. As an alternative fuel to natural gas, coal can be extensively used. The depth of Jamalganj coal deposit is 640-1158 meter with 1053 Million Tones in-situ coal reserve where production may not be viable by present day’s technology due to the depth of the deposits.Possibilities of extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) need to be explored from this coal deposits. Government is actively reviewing law to be applicable for Exploration and Production of Coal Bed Methane. So far, only Barapukuri a coal field is under production. Other Mineral Resources available in Bangladesh Besides indigenous energy resources, Bangladesh has other mineral resources. Various organizations under Energy and Mineral Resources Division are engaged to explore for mineral resources. In case of commercial discovery, foreign company can apply for production license.White Clay occurs in Sherpur, Netrokona, Dinajpur and Chittagong district etc. White Clay is used to make crockery’s, sanitary materials, insulator and tiles . It is also used in Paper,cement and sugar industries. Glass sand occurs in Sherpur, Habiganj, Comilla and Dinajpur district etc. Glass sand is used to make crockery’s, lenses, glass sheet of windows and doors. It is also used to make quartz clock, frame of boat and aero plane, foam glass and in various electronic equipments etc. Silicon chips are also made from silica, which is a main ingredient of glass.Limestone occurs in Sunamgonj and Joypurhat district and St. M artin’s Islands. Limestone is used to make lime and cement and in paper, Ispat, sugar, glass industry. It is also used to decorate the building. Ilmenite,Garnet,Zircon,Kyanite,Magnetite,Rutile,Leucoxine,Monazite,etc are found in Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf Beach, Kuakata Beach , Moheshkhali, Nijhum dwip, Kutubdia and Monpura Island. Ilmenite, Rutile and Leucoxine are used to make slag and in welding and in melting of metal. They are used as a dyeing subject and Refractory Brick.Ilmenite is used to make sand blasting and heavy mud as an alternative to Barite in drilling activities. Titanium metal, which is derived from this mineral, is used to make frame of aeroplane, missile, and in chemical reaction and salt removal process. Zircon is used to make foundry sand, Refractory brick and as a dyeing substance. Zirconium is used as a radioactive substance. Monazite is used to make catalyst, television tube, refractory substance, thermal insulator substance and in computer disk an d line printer.Peat occurs in Gopalganj, Madaripur, Khulna, Sylhet and Sunamganj district etc. It is used as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in thermal power plant. Hard Rock occurs at Maddyapara in Dinajpur district. It is used in regulator dam, river training, and river bank erosion. It is also used as construction material and as mosaic stone. Gravel Deposit occurs in Lalmonirhat, Panchagar, Sylhet district, Greater Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is used to construct buildings, road, railway, bridge and in river training and flood control.Renewable Energy Sources in Bangladesh Renewable Energy Sources may also be helpful in the achievement of the MDGs, as well as in tackling the challenges of energy security especially for developing countries and global climate changes. The renewable energy sources include biomass (combustible renewable and waste), hydropower, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy. Biomass is currently the l argest renewable energy source due to its extensive noncommercial use (mainly for cooking and heating) in developing countries like Bangladesh.The share of other forms of renewable sources is minimal. Possibility of installing mini and micro level hydro-electric power plant in the hilly areas of Bangladesh would be explored. Windmills are with capacity of 2 MW in operation in the costal area of Bangladesh. Biogas Biogas may be the most promising renewable energy resource. Presently there are about 50,000 households and village-level biogas plants in place throughout the country. There is a huge potential for expansion in rural areas. Solar Energy Potential of solar energy is good in Bangladesh.But due to its higher cost of equipment it has to go a long way to become commercially viable. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh it is gradually becoming popular and government has undertaken lot of scheme to subsidize on it. Presently there are about 2, 64,000 solar panels installed thro ughout the country. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel may also be one of the promising sources of energy. Though Bangladesh is a densely populated country with 150 million people just in 147,570 Sq. Km areas, except the hilly areas, most of the areas are covered with fertile land that producing high yielding crop.Diesel from Jatropha plant may be a source of renewable energy in our country. Jatropha trees can be planted in both the sides of rail way tracks & high ways, marshy land & costal belt of the country. These Jatropha plant can also be used for coastal protection. Gasohol Gasohol is being blended with octane/petrol in many countries. Project in private sector is being undertaken to produce Gasohol from molasses used to be blended with octane/petrol. The molasses is a by-product of sugar industries.

Nursing Shortage The Cold Hard Facts and Possible Solutions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2134 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Nursing Essay Level High school Topics: Nursing Shortage Essay Did you like this example? The United States is expected to have such as large shortage in nurses that its going to intensify as baby boomers retire and the amount of health care grows. Nursing colleges and universities across the country are struggling to expand enrollment levels to meet the rising demand for nursing care. According to the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN), In 2014, the U.S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nursing Shortage The Cold Hard Facts and Possible Solutions" essay for you Create order Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects healthcare employment to grow by 26 percent between 2012 and 2022, with an increase of about 4.1 million jobs. (Healthcare: Millions of jobs now and in the future, 2014) Hospitals, long-term care facilities, and other ambulatory care settings added 36,000 jobs in October 2018. Over the past 12 months, health care employment grew by 328,000. As the largest segment of the healthcare workforce, RNs likely will be recruited to fill many of these new positions. (Employment Situation Summary, 2018) As a nurse I know the importance of my role and also know that my contribution now in the healthcare is as much appreciated and needed part of several peoples lives. Without Medication Techs, Certified Nursing Assistants, Certified Medical Assistants and the variety of nurses the quality care would be a lot different than how many facilities care for them. The efforts in reducing the nursing shortage is currently apparent and will become more apparent as the nursing shortage grows. I feel the nursing shortage is not fully being addressed in the efforts to improve the number of nurses to fill the huge current and upcoming gap of jobs in healthcare. I will start by addressing some important numbers and problems that attribute to the nursing shortage. I spoke with Danielle Conrad in 2012 during her term as senator about a bill that she had addressed as an interim study to examine the nursing shortage in Nebraska. As a potential nursing student at that time I knew the importance of my role as a future nurse. After reading through the public hearing, it has been estimated that by the year 2030 there will be vacant positions of nearly 3,838 RNs, nurse practitioners, midwives, and faculty teachers. Juliann Sebastian, dean of the University Of Nebraska Medical Center College Of Nursing spoke about how Nebraska is not alone in the nursing shortage. Nurses provide a great amount of care to healthcare sectors, which are vital to the public. With qualified nursing applicants turned away in 2011, other avenue need to be explored to reduce the nursing shortage. Nebraska is not alone in facing a serious nursing workforce shortage that threatens public health and undermines economic opportunity. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that, in addition to hundreds of thousands of positions that will be vacant by 2020 due to replacement primarily for retiring nurses, a total of 581,500 new nursing positions will have been created by 2018. Nearly one-third about 262,000 jobs are expected to be for registered nurses. (Healthcare: Millions of jobs now and in the future, 2014) Nursing care is vital to the health of the public and nurses provide care in every sector of healthcare, including hospitals, Long-term care, and primary care. There are two key issues in Nebraska related to the nursing shortage. First, we have a shortage of the number and type of nurses needed to care for Nebraskans now and into the future. Second, we have a shortage of faculty to expand nursing programs throughout the state. Seventy-three of Nebraskas ninety-three cou nties have fewer nurses than the national standard. Rural areas are particularly hard hit by the nursing shortage. The Nebraska Center for Nursing estimates that Nebraska will have a shortage of 3,838 nurses, registered nurses, by the year 2020. In 2010 schools of nursing around the United States turned away over 7,000 qualified applicants to baccalaureate and graduate degree nursing programs. In Nebraska, 402 qualified applicants were turned away from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2010. If another 402 applicants were enrolled each year in Nebraska schools of nursing, the shortage projected by the Nebraska Center for Nursing for 2020 would be significantly reduced. (LR 285 Hearing Transcript) Although interest in nursing careers remains strong, many individuals seeking to enter the profession cannot be accommodated in nursing programs due to faculty and resource constraints. AACN data showed that 39,423 qualified applications were turned away in 2009, which is comparable to that in past years. Another problem in accepting all qualified applicants is not only space, but funding, clinical sites, and faculty. As the shortage increase and the number of nursing students is limited, much of the problem is factors such as space and funding, but a huge part is the faculty. According to AACNs report on 2016-2017 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing, U.S. nursing schools turned away 64,067 qualified applicants from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2016 due to an insufficient number of faculty, clinical sites, classroom space, clinical preceptors, and budget constraints. Most nursing schools responding to the survey pointed to faculty shortages as a reason for not accepting all qualified applicants into baccalaureate programs. (Nursing Faculty Shortage Fact Sheet, 2017) Looking at these numbers asks the valid question, How does this impact patient care? Hospitals in 2016 experienced an estimated 16.5% of turnover rate of registered nurses. Its estimated that it takes approximately 54-109 days to recruit an experienced RN. The lack of adequate numbers in nursing staff can affect patient well-being in a number of ways. One of these ways is higher mortality rates. An increase in 1 full time RN per 1000 inpatient days decreased patient mortality rate by 4.3%. Hospitals with fewer nurses witnessed a 2–7 percent increase in mortality. With a shortage of nurses leads to an increase in the workload of the existing workforce, which results in a increase in medication errors. These can range from infusing medicines at the wrong rate (most common) to giving the wrong medicine or mixing up medicines between patients, which easily can result in fatal consequences. Lastly, we are seeing overcrowded emergency departments with longer wait times to see provid ers. (The Nursing Shortage and How It Will Impact Patient Care, 2017). So, what do we do about the problems that are leading up to a big gap in the number of nurses? I think that there are a few areas that we specifically need to look at to improve this problem. The first being with current healthcare employees, the second with nursing programs, and thirdly with potential nursing students. Current demand for RNs is high with a limited supply, considering this fact it is noted that one half of RNs are not satisfied with their salaries. By paying more or offering bonuses to those individual who sign on can go a long way in helping to rectify this problem. Providing more training and educational opportunities already in the existing field allows for better growth and personal/professional development, which can create a sense of loyalty. Lastly considering the use of temporary nurses during surges in hospital admissions and common illness seasons. In the article The Shocking Truth about the Nursing Shortage in the United States, in speaking about the nursing shortage it mentions that, fewer nurses means the ones who are employed experience a higher workload, and often have to cover shifts or work overtime to keep patients covered. The combination of high pressure situations and more hours worked can lead to staff burnout, both emotionally and physically. Compassion fatigue can affect caregivers who arent able to take time for themselves or who are too stressed in their work environment. Minimal sleep from picking up extra shifts, combined with the emotional energy required to care for additional patients, can contribute to burnout and inadvertently cause the quality of patient care to decline. This can be frustrating if your schedules dont allow for adequate breaks and basic human needs like enough sleep. So, rather than asking nurses to do what feels impossible under these circumstances, employers need to accommodate their nu rses basic needs and listen to their feedback. (The Shocking Truth about the Nursing Shortage in the United States, 2018) Hospitals in Buffalo, New York are partnering with international corporation and local headquarters to help pay for people to attend nursing school if they promise to work for the hospital after graduation. More and more hospitals around the United States are more desperate for nurses and are using sign-on bonuses of $1,500-$2000 and even as high as $8,000-$10,000 to help obtain nurses. But these sign on bonus are not enough to make a long term change. Furthermore, Its not about the bonus check; its about respect, better working conditions, and job satisfaction. Hospitals have typically responded to past nursing shortages by offering bonuses to nurses who sign up to work there. Why arent the sign-on bonuses effective at recruiting and retaining nurses in U.S. hospitals like previous years? According to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, the current shortage is different from past shortages. This one is worse, and the traditional solutions arent likely to work. Liz Jacob s, RN, spokeswoman for the California Nurses Association said, Nurses need the profession to return to a place where we can do the things that give us job satisfaction, like patient education and basically feeling like youre not jeopardizing patient care and your license every day. With the nursing shortage some places are taking more acting such as the Tallahassee Memorial Hospital. I think nurses want to be paid adequately and recognized for their performance, said Ann Evans, RN, senior vice president for nursing for Tallahassee Memorial Hospital. I think they want to work in a place with good outcomes. People want to work where theyre respected. Tallahassee Memorial Hospital is also using a market-based pay strategy to remain competitive and regularly re-evaluate its wages. They are adjusting its pay strategies to better suit its employees needs and has instituted a tuition reimbursement program as an incentive for its nurses to continue their education. The California Nurses As sociations Jacobs suggests that mandatory nurse-to-patient ratios, which California recently announced, may also improve the work environment for nurses enough to draw more nurses back into hospitals. Jacob says, Nurses want to feel the importance of their work, nurses want to feel valued for their work, and nurses must feel they have a voice in decision-making that impacts their practice and work life. Nurses are the glue, the backbone of the healthcare system. (Larson, Creating Solutions to the Nursing Shortage, 2016) Nursing programs are a very important step in adding more RNs to the workforce and will require more in-depth approach then sign on bonus. Assistance in replacing nursing school faculty is of key importance so that nursing classes can continue to be staffed adequately. When it comes to nursing programs one-third of facilities that educate nurses described their salaries as uncompetitive. Higher salaries and additional incentives, monetary as well as non-monetary, can help retain existing talent and attract better teachers into the profession. Another way to make nursing financially attractive would be to facilitate faster and easier payment of nursing student loans. One in every four RNs owes a student loan, which can be a contributing factor to the industrys high turnover. (The Nursing Shortage and How It Will Impact Patient Care, 2017) The third area that we need to take into consideration is the potential pool of nursing candidates. Grants, loans, and scholarships in order to attend nursing school would allow students who might not be able to afford nursing school attend. This can increase the number of nursing students and future number of nursing staff. (Solutions for the Current Nursing Shortage) The problem also lies in hopeful applicants. Many are turned away or waitlisted. Much like those who cannot afford to pay for initial schooling, the nurses who further their education the costs add up. We invest years of time and money into certification, clinical hours, and so forth. Loan forgiveness and ways to help pay for the increased education would help nurse continue to further their education and improve their knowledge for patient care. There are many theories as to the best strategies to address the shortage, but the strategies that focus on improving workplace have a greater potential. Many places are already struggling to provided enough nurses. Jan Rabbens, spokeswoman for the Minnesota Nurses Association says, Nursing needs money, social commitment, and efforts to improve working conditions, or patients will suffer the consequences. And nurses do not want to feel that they are compromising patient safety. Not just one solution will be enough to fix the problem; a solution will most likely require changes across the board. In order to keep a quality number of healthcare providers to meet the demand the US needs to come up with more nursing colleges or find ways to improve space and increase faculty numbers. If things to improve the shortage are not addressed, you might be the one on the short end of the stick when it comes to quality care received.